Glossary of ALS-Related Medical and Scientific Terms

(Presented by The ALS Association Greater New York Chapter)

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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Select a letter from the list above.

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electrodiagnostic tests Studies including electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction velocity ( NCV), that evaluate and diagnose disorders of the muscles and motor neurons. Electrodes are inserted into the muscle, or placed on the skin overlying a muscle or muscle group, and electrical activity and muscle response are recorded.

electroencephalogram (EEG) A method of recording the brain's continuous electrical activity by means of electrodes attached to the scalp.

embolus A "wandering" blood clot.

embryonic stem cells Embryonic stem cells are the "blank slates" of an organism, capable of developing into all types of tissue in the body. Scientists have long been interested in the therapeutic potential of embryonic stem cells, which may be used someday to create new tissues for organ transplants and replacements for cells destroyed by diseases like diabetes or trauma like spinal cord injuries.

encephalitis An infection of the brain.

enzyme A protein that acts as a catalyst in mediating and speeding a specific chemical reaction.

epilepsy A brain disorder involving recurrent seizures; may also be called a seizure disorder.

euphoria A feeling of well-being or elation; may be drug related.

evoked potentials A procedure to record the brain's electrical response to visual, auditory and sensory stimuli.

excitotoxic Exciting neurons which can over time lead to neuronal death.

exertional dyspnea A condition characterized by shortness of breath during physical activity.

extensor muscle Any muscle that causes the straightening of a limb or other part.

extrapyramidal system (EPS) The nerve cells, nerve tracts and pathways that connect the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, reticular formation, and spinal neurons. The EPS helps regulate reflex movements such as balance and walking.

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